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Setting up an independent Linux development environment on MacOS

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The document discusses setting up a Linux development environment on macOS using Orbstack, a lightweight alternative to traditional virtual machines. It begins by highlighting the convenience of macOS as a Unix-like system and the use of Homebrew for installing software. The author opts for Orbstack's Machines to avoid the heaviness of virtual machines like VMware or VirtualBox and the issues with Docker images. To install Orbstack, users can download it directly or use Homebrew. The author chooses Fedora as the Linux distribution and provides steps to configure the development environment, including switching to Tsinghua University's mirror for package management, cleaning cache, and updating packages. Next, the author installs essential tools like Git and Zsh, along with Oh My Zsh and several useful plugins for enhanced functionality. The document also covers installing NVM for managing Node.js versions, demonstrating how to switch between different Node versions. Finally, it suggests using VS Code to connect to the newly created virtual machine and install the Remote Development extension for seamless development.

Preface#

Using a Linux development environment on Mac OS is not difficult, as Mac OS itself is a Unix-like system, and with HomeBrew, most Linux software packages can be installed directly. Even without using a virtual machine, you can have a relatively good development experience. However, there may be special requirements, or you might not want to pollute the host machine's development environment. In that case, you can use tools like VMware Fusion, Parallels Desktop, or VirtualBox to install a complete Linux distribution in a virtual machine. However, these types of virtual machines are relatively heavy, slow to start, and consume a lot of memory, so they are not within my consideration. Of course, you can also use Docker Desktop to directly use various Linux distribution images or create a Dev Container to create a fully equipped development image. However, currently, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for the issues with Docker image sources, so that is also not in my consideration. Ultimately, I decided to use Mechines in Orbstack to set up a development environment.

Installing Orbstack#

You can directly download the installation package from the official website, or install it directly using HomeBrew.

brew install orbstack

Choosing a Suitable Distribution#

I am using Fedora here.
orbstack software
Fedora

Perfecting the Development Environment#

  1. The first step is to change to the
    Tsinghua source. First, back up the default source.
sudo cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.backup

Then directly replace the default source.

sudo sed -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' \
  -e 's|^#baseurl=http://download.example/pub/fedora/linux|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora|g' \
  -i.bak \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-modular.repo \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates-modular.repo

If you prefer to change it manually:

  • Fedora repository (/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo)

    [fedora]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/
metadata_expire=28d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$releasever-$basearch
skip_if_unavailable=False

  • Updates repository (/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo)

[updates]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updates
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora/updates/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$releasever-$basearch
skip_if_unavailable=False

  • Fedora-modular repository (/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-modular.repo)

    [fedora-modular]
name=Fedora Modular $releasever - $basearch
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora/releases/$releasever/Modular/$basearch/os/
enabled=1
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$releasever-$basearch
skip_if_unavailable=False

  • Updates-modular repository (/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates-modular.repo)

[updates-modular]
name=Fedora Modular $releasever - $basearch - Updates
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora/updates/$releasever/Modular/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$releasever-$basearch
skip_if_unavailable=False
```

  • Clean the cache.

    sudo dnf clean all
sudo dnf makecache

  • Update the packages.

    sudo dnf update
  1. Replace the default bash with zsh.
  • Install git and zsh.
sudo dnf install git zsh
  • Install oh my zsh.
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

  • Install commonly used oh my zsh plugins.

    • Auto-suggestions.
    git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
    • Syntax highlighting.
    git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

git clone https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/fast-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/fast-syntax-highlighting
```
- Auto-completion.

```bash

git clone --depth 1 -- https://github.com/marlonrichert/zsh-autocomplete.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autocomplete
```

  • Modify the zsh configuration file to change the plugins to:

    vim ~/.zshrc

     plugins=(
   git
   zsh-autosuggestions
   zsh-syntax-highlighting
   fast-syntax-highlighting
   zsh-autocomplete

)

- Apply the changes.

```bash
source ~/.zshrc
  1. Install NVM to manage NodeJS versions.
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash

  • How to use:

    $ nvm use 16
Now using node v16.9.1 (npm v7.21.1)
$ node -v
v16.9.1
$ nvm use 14
Now using node v14.18.0 (npm v6.14.15)
$ node -v
v14.18.0
$ nvm install 12
Now using node v12.22.6 (npm v6.14.5)
$ node -v
v12.22.6

    For advanced usage, please refer to the documentation.

  1. Use VS Code to connect to the virtual machine you just created.
  • Install the Remote Development extension.
  • Add a remote connection. In the left menu, select Remote Explorer, click the + sign on SSH, or use the shortcut Shift+Command+P and type remote add to open the window for adding SSH connections.
    image
    Enter ssh orb to connect to the virtual machine you just created.
    ::: warning
    If you have multiple virtual machines, you need to specify which host to connect to when using SSH. If not specified, it will connect to the default host. For example, ssh debain@orb connects to the debain host with the default user. Examples include
    ssh machine@orb,
    ssh user@orb,
    ssh user@machine@orb.
    :::
    image
    image

This way, you have a development environment isolated from the host system. No matter how much you tinker, you don't have to worry, somewhat similar to WSL in Windows, but simpler and more convenient, without needing to enable certain features of the system. You can use it directly after downloading Orbstack.

This article is synchronized and updated to xLog by Mix Space. The original link is https://remrin.dev/posts/linux/dev-env

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